岩溶关键带水文地球化学研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周长松  邹胜章  冯启言  朱丹尼  李军  王佳  谢浩  邓日欣 《地学前缘》2022,29(3):37-50

岩溶关键带处于岩石、水、土壤、大气、生物五圈交汇地带。正确认识岩溶关键带的结构、特点及其水文地球化学过程是当前地球关键带与岩溶水科学研究的重点问题。本文基于对国内外相关研究成果的归纳整理,剖析了岩溶关键带水文地球化学内涵、岩溶关键带水动力垂向分带、岩溶关键带框架下的水文地球化学过程与机制, 探寻变化环境下岩溶关键带水文地球化学过程演变的规律与驱动机制。指出了当前研究中存在的薄弱环节:目前工作仅停留在传统岩溶地下水科学工作范畴,未从岩溶关键带框架体系的角度考虑植物冠层至岩溶含水层之间水文地球化学过程及其耦合关系,未考虑新污染物持续输入、地球大数据科学工程深入实施、全球碳排放路径逐渐改变等时代因素对岩溶水文地球化学研究的潜在影响。进一步的研究可以从以下方面开展:基于岩溶关键带框架体系的新污染物水文地球化学研究,基于大数据框架体系的岩溶水文地球化学研究,“双碳战略”下的岩溶水文地球化学研究,岩溶关键带水文地球化学驱动的物质转化与能量迁移过程及其耦合以及高分辨率监测、评估与模拟手段的综合应用。  相似文献   

岩溶体数据建模及属性查询研究          下载免费PDF全文

周美霞 《江苏地质》2012,36(3):316-319

地质体的数据建模技术是研究地质体特征的一项重要手段,特别是地质体切片模型的展示,能更加清晰地表达地质体的内部特征、地层分布等情况。主要探讨了岩溶体（多Z值）的数据建模,并且在钻孔数据的基础上,利用C＋＋语言基于OpenGL编写程序实现岩溶体的三维可视化,展现了地层的切片模型及地层的属性查询。  相似文献   

注聚调驱井聚合物堵塞物的矿物复合结构形貌及组成特征          下载免费PDF全文

周风山  崔付义  方颖  李继勇  田玉芹  苏犁 《地学前缘》2012,19(2):151-156

胜利油田渤19区块注交联聚合物开采多年后,因注入水的水质不达标导致聚合物过度交联形成强凝胶,造成聚合物注入区块许多油水井的堵塞。对现场聚合物垢样品所做的化学组分、表面元素能谱及红外光谱的研究表明,垢的主体结构由交联的聚丙烯酰胺组成,交联体吸收了大量水分,在交联体内小环境中因富集而形成氯化物矿物晶体无机垢结构,而在成垢的过程中又将地层内的一些粘土矿物包裹于交联体内,形成具有聚合物-矿物复合结构的强胶凝态物质,严重影响聚合物注入—调剖—驱油过程中的聚合物溶液的流动。  相似文献   

轮古西地区前石炭纪古岩溶微地貌特征及刻画   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张庆玉  陈利新  梁彬  陈宏峰  曹建文 《海相油气地质》2012,17(4):23-26

应用印模法,以石炭系区域标志层双峰灰岩底至奥陶系潜山面填平补齐的沉积厚度为标识,恢复了轮古西地区前石炭纪古岩溶地貌。自东向西划分了岩溶台地、岩溶缓坡地和岩溶盆地3类二级地貌单元。应用现代岩溶分类方法,根据微地貌组合形态,对二级地貌作精细刻画,划分了9种三级地貌单元。认为不同的地貌位置,其水动力条件不同,不同类型岩溶地貌的发育特征、古水系排泄和储层充填特征存在着差异性。  相似文献   

Climate variability,snow, and physiographic controls on storm hydrographs in small forested basins,western Cascades,Oregon     

Reed M. Perkins  Julia A. Jones 《水文研究》2008,22(25):4949-4964

Large floods are often attributed to the melting of snow during a rain event. This study tested how climate variability, snowpack presence, and basin physiography were related to storm hydrograph shape in three small (<1 km²) basins with old‐growth forest in western Oregon. Relationships between hydrograph characteristics and precipitation were tested for approximately 800 storms over a nearly 30‐year period. Analyses controlled for (1) snowpack presence/absence, (2) antecedent soil moisture, and (3) hillslope length and gradient. For small storms (<150 mm precipitation), controlling for precipitation, the presence of a snowpack on near‐saturated soil increased the threshold of precipitation before hydrograph rise, extended the start lag, centroid lag, and duration of storm hydrographs, and increased the peak discharge. The presence of a snowpack on near‐saturated soil sped up and steepened storm hydrographs in a basin with short steep slopes, but delayed storm hydrographs in basins with longer or more gentle slopes. Hydrographs of the largest events, which were extreme regional rain and rain‐on‐snow floods, were not sensitive to landform characteristics or snowpack presence/absence. Although the presence of a snowpack did not increase peak discharge in small, forested basins during large storms, it had contrasting effects on storm timing in small basins, potentially synchronizing small basin contributions to the larger basin hydrograph during large rain‐on‐snow events. By altering the relative timing of hydrographs, snowpack melting could produce extreme floods from precipitation events whose size is not extreme. Further work is needed to examine effects of canopy openings, snowpack, and climate warming on extreme rain‐on‐snow floods at the large basin scale. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

用于锦州9-3油田驱油技术的聚合物评价     

刘阳  ;谭祥玲  ;姜伟  ;张健  ;杨光  ;刘义刚 《海洋地质译丛》2008,(4):36-40

聚合物驱油技术适用于非均质的中质和较重质油藏,与其他提高采收率技术比较起来相对简单,更符合海上油田安全环保要求。根据渤海锦州9-3油田油藏特性和聚合物结构性能,结合海上平台特点,研制出具有高效增黏、较好的抗剪切性、良好流动性和驱油效果的高抗盐聚合物3640D。该聚合物首次用于海上油田单井聚合物驱先导试验见到了显著的增油降水效果,正在进行中的井组聚合物驱试验也已初步显示出增产效果,表明聚合物3640D作为锦州9-3油田的驱油剂在技术上是可行的,在海上类似油田的聚合物驱技术中具有广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

正理庄高89-1区块CO2混相驱参数优化数值模拟研究     

史华 《海洋地质译丛》2008,(1):68-73

为了确保高89-1区块CO2混相驱项目的顺利实施,依据该区块的精细油藏描述成果,在优化适于CO2混相驱模型基础上,建立了符合油藏地质特点的三维地质模型。在此基础上对开发指标进行计算,对五个参数（井网、开发方式、压力水平、注入量和采油速度）进行优化,并提出了推荐方案,预测采收率可达23.10%,比弹性开采方式提高15.16%。  相似文献   

Sensitivity of hurricane surge to morphological parameters of coastal wetlands   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

N.M. Loder  J.L. Irish  M.A. Cialone  T.V. Wamsley 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,84(4):625-636

Given the history and future risk of storm surge in the United States, functional storm protection techniques are needed to protect vital sectors of the economy and coastal communities. It is widely hypothesized that coastal wetlands offer protection from storm surge and wave action, though the extent of this protection is unknown due to the complexities of flow through vegetation. Here we present the sensitivity of storm-surge numerical modeling results to various coastal wetlands characteristics. An idealized grid domain and 400-km² marsh feature were used to evaluate the effects of marsh characteristics on hurricane surge, including the effects of bottom friction, elevation, and continuity (the ratio of healthy marsh to open water area within the total wetland area).Through coupled hydrodynamic and wave model simulations, it is confirmed that increased bottom friction reduces storm-surge levels for most storms. However, increases in depth associated with marsh elevation loss generally results in a reduction of surge. As marsh continuity is decreased, coastal surge increases as a result of enhanced surge conveyance into and out of the marsh. Storm surge is parameterized in terms of marsh morphology, namely marsh elevation, frictional characteristics, and degree of segmentation, which will assist in the justification for and optimization of marsh restoration in terms of storm protection.  相似文献   

Monitoring of percolation water to discriminate surficial inputs in a karst aquifer     

S. Covelli  F. Cucchi  R. Mosca 《Environmental Geology》1998,36(3-4):296-304

 A long-term study on the chemistry of percolating waters in a very large touristic karst cave (Grotta Gigante, northern Italy) was carried out in order to define recharge zones, flowpaths, and possible anthropogenic contamination from the neighboring area. On the basis of a multivaried analysis of the chemical parameters, a discrimination of the dripping points was attempted. Percolation waters whose recharge zone is in the northernmost sector of the cave appeared permanently affected by the anthropic settlements and agricultural activity on the ground surface. Received: 28 April 1997 · Accepted: 3 February 1998  相似文献   

基于城市内涝仿真模型的天津风暴潮灾害评估          下载免费PDF全文

段丽瑶  解以扬  陈靖  赵玉洁  任雨 《应用气象学报》2014,25(3):354-359

基于城市内涝仿真模型,根据天津沿海地区的地形、地貌特征以及排水系统等对城市内涝仿真模型进行改进,在沿海边界和河口设置时变水位,使得模型拓展到既能模拟暴雨产生的内涝,也能模拟由于风暴潮侵袭造成的淹没情景。该模型对天津沿海地区历史上典型风暴潮个例以及10年、20年、50年、100年一遇重现期风暴潮产生的积水范围和积水深度进行了模拟,并对2012年8月3日台风达维 (1210) 造成的天津沿海风暴潮进行了业务试应用。将历史风暴潮个例模拟结果以及2012年8月3日的评估结果与实际灾情进行对比,结果显示模型具有较好的模拟能力,可应用于风暴潮灾害的评估和预估业务中,为相关部门和行业提供决策参考。  相似文献